Animal husbandry

18. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

 points to remember :

1. Animal husbandry is the science which deals with the scientific

ways of uses, rearing, tending and breeding animals. Man uses

animals for food and several other purposes.

2. Uses of animals :

(1) Food : Milk and meat.

(2) Farm work : Help in the farm work which involves

physical labour.

(3) Fuels : Cattle-dung pats and biogas.

(4) Manure and fertilizer : Cattle-dung, sheep droppings, etc.

(5) Skins of dead animals (Hides) : Useful articles are made

from hides such as purses, belts, water skins, horse’s

harness, footwear, garments.

(6) Bones : Fertilizers, bone meal, needles, combs, ornamental

articles are made from bones of animals. Bone marrow is

used to make glue or gelatin.

(7) Cords made from intestines :

(a) Stitching the surgical wounds

(b) Strings of string (musical) instruments.

(8) Hair : For making paint brushes

(9) Fat : Fat is used as food, besides making soaps, candles,

grease, and in garments industry.

(10) Messengers (Carrying messages) : In olden times

pigeons were used for carrying messages. Even today they

are used to carry message in special situations.

3. Animal husbandry : Food and shelter are basic needs of

animals. These are fulfilled by man with the help of practices of

animal husbandry.

4. Food of animals :

(1) Grass, straw and horse gram are the main food for animals

like cows, buffaloes and horses.

(2) Cattle are given supplementary food. Due to this diet, cows

and buffaloes are able to give more milk and oxen and horses

can do more physical work.

 (3) Milch animals are given oilcake of cotton seeds and

fermented fodder or silage or ambon.

(4) Ambon is a fermented mixture of oilcake, grain meal and

jaggery.

(5) Due to fermentation its nutritive value is increased and

hence ambon makes animals robust and strong.

(6) Horses are given gram which are soaked in water.

(7) Animals which are used for their meat are also given

supplementary diet as follows :

(i) Pigs : Rice husk, bone meal and leftover food.

(ii) Goats : Wheat husk, corn, linseed oilcake.

(iii) Broiler hens : Special commercially available feed.

(8) Animals require dry feed equal to 2 to 2.5% of their body

weight daily.

(9) Animals require clean and sufficient water to drink.

Contaminated water can cause diseases in them.

5. Shelter of animals :

A cattle shed is a suitable shelter for cattle. It is built high on the

ground in a dry place. Water should be easily drained away from

the shed. The area should be sufficient for the animals to move

comfortably. The shed floor should be tiled, sloping and well

built up. Feeding troughs are properly built in the shed. Clean

and enough drinking water should be in the proximity of the

shed. The roof should protect the animals from sun and rain.

6. Health of the animals : Health of the animals should be well

maintained in the following ways :

(1) Daily care.

(2) Keeping their sheds clean.

(3) Floor to be washed with germicides to keep away flies, fleas

and gnats.

(4) Regular deworming of the animals.

(5) Protection of the sheep from blood sucking ticks and lice.

(6) Proper and timely vaccination of the animals. Bird flu and

Ranikhet disease of poultry and rabies of dogs have no cure.

Therefore, preventive measures against such diseases must

be taken in time.

(7) Sick animals are to be taken to veterinary hospital. Proper

medical treatment should be given in time.

7. Cross breed strains of animals : Profits from cross breed

animals are greater as they give more yield. Indian cow gives

5 to 6 litres of milk per day. If Indian cow and Jersey, Holstein or

Red Dean Bull are crossed, their offsprings yield 10 to 12 litres of

milk per day. Cows of the Kandhari, Devani, Khilari and Dangi

varieties of Maharashtra are selected for cross breeding at the

national level.

8. Occupations complementary to agriculture :

Animal husbandry is the complementary business to farming.

Animal Uses

Cows and buffaloes Milk

Bullocks, horses, donkeys & oxen Heavy physical labour

Bullocks, horses, camels Transport

9. Complementary occupations : Sheep farming (rearing

sheep), poultry, piggery (pig farming), sericulture, pearl

culture (pearl farming), pisciculture, and obtaining lac. These

occupations enhance the income.

10. Sheep rearing :

(1) Food of sheep : A farmer does not incur any expenditure

to feed the sheep. Sheep feed by themselves on the leaves of

bor and babhul tree, wild shrubs, stubble and waste of

jowar, groundnuts and horse gram, etc.

(2) Uses of sheep : Sheep give wool, meat, skin and also

manure through their droppings. One Indian sheep gives

one and half kilograms of wool and 10 to 12 kilograms of

meat. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potash content of the sheep

droppings is very high.

11. Poultry farming :

(1) Layer hens that give the eggs and broiler hens that supply

meat are reared in poultry farming.

(2) White Leghorn which eats less and lays more eggs is widely

used for poultry. Each hen consumes 125 gms of nourishing

diet daily and lays 200 to 250 eggs per year. Unfertilized eggs

are used for eating purpose and are known as table eggs.

There is no possibility of obtaining chicks from such eggs.

 (3) The variety of hens such as Broiler, Rhode Island Red and

White leg horn are used for obtaining meat. In a period of

8 to 10 weeks, they become 1300 to 1500 grams in weight.

12. Pearl culture : Pearls are considered to be important in

making ornaments, decorative articles and in embroidery since

ancient times. This great demand has resulted into pearl

industry. Naturally, pearls are formed in a marine animal

called oyster. With the help of new technique a sand grain is

inserted inside the oyster’s body. This helps in the formation

of larger cultured pearls. Cultured pearls are produced on

commercial basis and since they are naturally produced by

oysters, they cannot be considered as artificial ones.

13. The lac industry : In offices, sealing wax or lac is used to seal

envelopes. This lac is also used for making beads and costume

jewellery. Red coloured lac is the secretion produced by lac

insect. Lac insects live on cacti or flame of the forest tree

(palas). Lac is produced only in India.

14. Sericulture : High quality of silk fibre is secreted by silk

worm. Since this is a profitable business the silkworms are

reared. There are two types of silkworms, one that lives and

feeds on a mulberry tree and the other that lives on ain tree.

The worm living on mulberry tree yields very fine variety of

silk while the one living on ain tree yields tussore silk.

There are four stages in the life cycle of silkworm. These

are eggs, larva, pupa and adult moth or imago. The larva of silk

worm consumes the leaves of tree and secretes a sticky

substance from its salivary glands. This substance upon

exposure to air becomes a silk thread. The larva winds the silk

thread around its body to form cocoon. For obtaining silk the

cocoons are put in boiling water.

15. Pisciculture : Both fresh water and marine fish are consumed

as food. Earlier man depended upon catching the fish available

naturally in the water bodies. Now Government supplies such

good quality fish seed. This seeds or larval forms of fish

(spawn) are reared in water bodies and fishes are grown into

desirable and marketable sizes.

Rohu, catla, mrigal and carp are some fresh water fish while

boi, muddushi, renavi and khasi are some of the marine fish

which are used for pisciculture.

Questions and Answers

Q. 1 Answer the following questions :

(1) In what way are animals useful for man?

Ans. Uses of animals : (1) Animals provide food for man.

Milk and meat are obtained from them. (2) Animals are used for

farm work in which physical labour is involved. They are also used

for transportation. (3) Cattle dung is a traditional fuel. Cow-dung

pats are used as fuel. Biogas obtained from cattle dung is also used

as fuel. (4) Animal dung is also used as manure or fertilizer.

(5) Skins of dead animals are used to make useful articles such as

purses, belts, water skins, a horse’s harness, footwear and leather

garments. (6) Bones of dead animals are used to make bone meal

which is a fertilizer. Needles, combs and other ornamental articles

are also prepared from bones. (7) Bone marrow is used to make glue

or gelatin. (8) Cords are made from intestines of dead animals.

These are used to stitch the surgical wounds. The cords are also

used to make the strings of musical instruments. (9) The hair from

manes and tails of pigs and camels are used to make paint brushes.

(10) Soaps, candles and grease can be manufactured from fat of

animals. (11) In certain special situations, animals and birds like

pigeons are used for carrying messages.

(2) What is the food given to cattle and horses ?

Ans. (1) The main food of cows, bullocks, buffaloes and horses

is grass, straw and horse gram. (2) They are also given

supplementary food which gives them more nutrition. (3) Milch

animals are given silage, fermented fodder or ambon every day so

that they can yield more milk. Ambon is a fermented mixture of

oil-cake, grain meal and jaggery. (4) Oil-cake of cotton seed is

specially given to milch animals, whereas gram that is soaked in

water is given to horses. (5) Ambon makes animals strong and

robust. (6) Animals are also given clean, uncontaminated and

sufficient water to drink.

 (3) Which animals are given supplementary diet? What

are the different types of this supplementary diet ?

Ans. (1) Animals which are used for their meat, milch animals

and animals which perform physical labour are given

supplementary diet. (2) Pigs are given rice husks, bone meal and

leftover food. (3) Goats are fed with wheat husks, corn and linseed

oilcake. (4) Broiler hens are given commercial feed. (5) Animals

usually need dry feed which is 2 to 2.5% of their own body weight.

Milch animals need more dry feed.

(4) Describe the suitable shelters of animals.

Ans. While building the shelter of animals following

precautions are to be taken : (1) Cattle shed should be in a dry place

and on high ground which is raised so that water is drained from

there. (2) The area of shed should be sufficient for the tied animals

to move comfortably. (3) The floor of shed should be well built up

and tiled. It should be sloping, so that urine of animals can flow

away easily. (4) Troughs meant for feeding the animals should be

properly built. (5) Roof of the shed should give adequate protection

to the cattle from sun and rain. (6) Drinking water should be in the

vicinity of the shed.

(5) How should one take care of the health of the animals?

Ans. (1) Animals should be taken care of everyday to keep

their health in proper condition. (2) Their shelters and sheds

should be kept clean. (3) The floor of the sheds should be regularly

washed with germicides. This will prevent the diseases.

(4) Animals should be protected from flies, fleas and gnats. (5) They

should be regularly dewormed and taken care of so that they do not

get worm infestations. (6) They should be given timely preventive

vaccinations. (7) Sick animals should be taken to veterinary

hospitals for proper medical treatment.

* (6) In what ways are lice and ticks a nuisance for sheep ?

Ans. (1) Lice and ticks are blood sucking parasites that can

inflict wounds on the body. (2) Sheep are particularly prone to

these parasites. Ticks are found on necks, shoulders and around the

anus of the sheep. (3) They suck the blood and cause wounds.

(4) Many a times maggots develop in these wounds. In this way lice

and ticks cause nuisance for sheep.

* (7) What are the occupations included under animal

husbandry?

Ans. (1) Animal husbandry is a complementary occupation to

agriculture. (2) It includes occupations such as sheep rearing,

poultry farming, piggery, etc. (3) In addition to this, sericulture,

pearl culture, pisciculture and lac industry are the other

complementary occupations which enhance the income.

(8) Why is manure obtained from sheep more useful ?

Ans. (1) In the excreta of sheep, the nitrogen, phosphorus and

potash are in more amounts as compared to the excreta of other

animals. (2) Farmers make the sheep to sit in the farm, so that their

droppings get mixed with farm soil. (3) In this way manure from

sheep is more useful.

(9) What is the use of lac? How is lac obtained ?

Ans. (1) Lac is the sealing material, used for sealing envelopes

in the office. (2) It is also used for making beads and costume

jewellery. (3) This attractive red coloured lac is secreted by lac

insect. (4) Lac insect lives on cacti and on the flame of forest tree or

palas tree. (5) Lac is produced only in India.

(10) How is silk obtained in sericulture ?

Ans. (1) High quality silk fibre is obtained from silkworm. In

the life cycle of silkworm there are four stages. (2) These are eggs,

larva, pupa and adult or imago. (3) The mature larva secretes a

sticky substance through its salivary glands. (4) This substance on

coming in contact with air changes into a silk thread. (5) This

thread is wound around the larva and it forms a cocoon. The larva

remains inside the cocoon. (6) By putting the cocoons in the boiling

water, the larva dies and the intact silk thread is obtained from the

cocoons.

(11) What are the two different types of silk fibres? Which

types of silkworms produce these silk ?

Ans. (1) The two types of silk fibres are fine variety silk and

tussore variety of silk. (2) Larva of silkworm which feeds on

mulberry leaves produces fine variety of silk. (3) The tussore

variety of silk is obtained from the larva of silkworm which feeds on

ain leaves.

* For what purposes are dogs kept ?

Ans. Dog is a very faithful animal. It guards the house.

It is a great friend of the young members of the house. It

provides company to man. It has very keen sense of smell. Due

to this it can track criminals, can help in detecting bombs

planted by terrorists, etc. If the dog is well cared for and

properly treated, it can be the best friend of man. Therefore,

dog is kept as a pet animal.

* (1) Why are the milch animals fed cotton seeds ?

Ans. The cotton seed is rich in fat and protein. This helps

to increase the yield of milk and makes it more nourishing.

* (2) Name two vaccinations meant for animals.

Ans. The two vaccines for protection from the diseases

are the ‘foot and mouth disease’ and the ‘foot rot’ vaccines.

Q. 2 Write short notes on the following :

* (1) Crossbred animals * (2) Sheep rearing (3) Poultry

farming * (4) Pisciculture * (5) Cultured pearls.

Ans. (1) Crossbred animals : (1) Crossbred animals are

obtained by breeding two different varieties of animals, usually one

is local and other is imported. (2) Formerly this technology was

used to obtain hybrid plants but now animals are also obtained

through such technology. (3) The crossbred varieties are more

robust and strong. (4) They can put in more work and give greater

yield. Since the yield is greater, the profits are also larger. (5) An

Indian cow is crossed with Jersey, Holstein or Red Dean bull. The

offspring obtained through such a cross gives 10 to 12 litres of milk

per day as against 5 to 6 litres obtained from an Indian cow.

(6) Kandhari, Devani, Khilari and Dangi are the varieties of cows

from Maharashtra which are used for crossbreeding.

(2) Sheep rearing : (1) Sheep rearing is the complementary

occupation with the agriculture. (2) A farmer does not have to

incur any expenditure on the feed of sheep. (3) Sheep feeds by itself

on the wild shrubs like bor and babhul. (4) It also feeds on stubble

and waste of jowar, groundnuts, horse gram, etc. (5) Sheep gives

wool, skin and meat and thus a farmer finds sheep rearing a

profitable activity. (6) Sheep droppings are a good manure for the

field. Therefore, sheep are made to sit on the farm land. Sheep

excreta is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potash. Therefore sheep

droppings and urine increase the fertility of the soil. (7) One Indian

sheep yields one and half kilogram of wool and 10 to 12 kilograms of

meat. Therefore, by selling these produce, a farmer gets good profit.

(3) Poultry farming : (1) In poultry farming hens and

chickens are reared. From these birds, eggs and meat are obtained.

(2) Layers are kept for eggs and broilers are kept for obtaining

meat. (3) A foreign variety is chosen for poultry farming as it

requires lesser food but it gives more eggs. (4) A White Leghorn

variety of hen daily needs 125 gms of nourishing diet and lays 200 to

250 eggs per year. (5) Unfertilized eggs are called table eggs and are

used for eating purpose. Since it is unfertilized, there is no

possibility of obtaining a chick from such eggs. (6) Rhode Island

Red and White Leghorn varieties of hens are used for meat. They

are fed with more food, so that they can gain more weight and can

yield more flesh. (7) Their body weight becomes 1300 to 1500 grams

in a period of about 8 to 10 weeks. (8) Birds are vaccinated against

diseases such as Ranikhet and bird flu. Such preventive vaccines if

given on time can save the birds from diseases and death. In this

manner poultry farming is carried on.

(4) Pisciculture : (1) In Pisciculture, desired varieties of fish

are grown by man under controlled conditions. (2) The fish eggs or

larvae, known as fish seeds are released in water bodies. They are

allowed to grow to a marketable size. (3) Whenever needed as food,

they are captured and used. (4) Government supplies good quality

of fish seeds for the Pisciculture purposes. (5) Rohu, catla, mrigal

are some of the fresh water varieties of fish, while boi, muddushi,

renavi and khasi are cultivable marine fishes.

(5) Cultured pearls : (1) Cultured pearls are not artificial

pearls. They are not manufactured in a factory. (2) Pearls are

obtained from a marine animal called oyster. (3) Scientists have

developed the technology to develop pearl in the oyster body. So

these are man-made pearls. (4) A grain of sand is inserted in the

body of oyster at right time. From this grain a pearl is developed.

(5) On commercial level, pearl production is done through such

technology. Due to great demand for pearls, pearl farming is done.

Q. 3 Distinguish between the following :

* (1) Layer bird and Broiler bird :

Ans. Layer bird (Hen) Broiler bird (Hen)

1. Layer birds are reared for

obtaining eggs from them.

1. Broiler birds are reared for

obtaining meat from them.

2. Layers do not require large

amounts of food.

2. Broilers require large

amounts of food.

3. Layers are not killed but

allowed to survive to yield

eggs.

3. Broilers are killed to get

meat.

4. The variety preferred as

layers is white Leghorn.

4. The variety preferred as

broiler is Rhode Island Red

and White Leghorn.

(2) Lac insect and Silkworm :

Ans. Lac insect Silkworm

1. Lac insect is used in lac

industry.

1. Silkworm is used in

sericulture.

2. Lac insect grows on plants

like cacti or palas (flame of

the forest).

2. Silkworm grows on mulberry

or ain tree.

3. Lac insect secretes lac which

is its excretory substance.

3. Silkworm secretes a sticky

substance from its salivary

glands which turns into silk

fibre on coming in contact

with air.

4. Lac insect is not killed while

procuring lac.

4. While procuring silk, the

cocoons are immersed in

boiling water. Therefore,

silkworm larvae are killed

while obtaining silk fibres.

Q. 4 Give scientific reasons :

* (1) Milch animals are fed with ambon or silage.

Ans. (1) Ambon is a fermented mixture of oilcake, grain meal

and jaggery. (2) As it is fermented, the nutritive value of this

mixture increases. (3) This therefore becomes a good

supplementary feed for milch animals. (4) The yield of milk

increases due to such food. Therefore, milch animals are fed with

ambon or silage.

* (2) Horses are given horse gram as supplementary food.

Ans. (1) Horses do physical work. (2) It is also used for

transportation. Therefore, it needs supplementary, nutritive and

healthy diet. (3) By giving horse gram, which is very nutritive

horse becomes robust and strong. (4) They can do more work, so

horses are given horse gram as supplementary food.

* (3) Pigs are fed with rice husks, chaff and bone meal.

Ans. (1) Pigs are reared to obtain meat from them. (2) Such

pigs should increase their meat content within lesser time span.

(3) A supplementary diet containing rice husks, chaff and bone

meal should be given to them for a better nutrition. (4) Thus, pigs

are fed with rice husks, chaff and bone meal.

* (4) Cattle shed is kept clean.

Ans. (1) In order to keep animals in good health, their shelters

should be kept clean. (2) If their sheds are not clean, flies, fleas and

gnats may trouble the animals. (3) If dung and urine of the animals

are not cleaned, various diseases could be spread. (4) The floor of

the sheds should be regularly washed with germicides. Otherwise,

animals will fall sick. (5) Animals are useful to us so we must care

for them by keeping their shed clean.

(5) Man has developed the science of animal husbandry.

Ans. (1) Animals are useful to man in various ways. Animals

give food products such as milk, meat and eggs. (2) Transport, farm

work, communication, garment industry, etc. are also dependent

upon different animals. (3) Skins, bone and intestines of dead

animals are also in demand for their various uses. (4) Excreta of

animals can be used as fuel and manure. (5) Biogas can also be

produced by cattle dung. (6) Therefore, man needs to understand

the scientific ways of rearing, tending and breeding animals. Thus,

man has developed the science of animal husbandry.

 (6) Skins of dead animals are useful for man.

Ans. (1) Primitive man used animal skins to protect himself

from the heat, cold and rain. (2) Later, man started using skins of

dead animals for various purposes and products. (3) Purses, belts,

water skins, a horse’s harness, footwear, leather clothes, etc. are

made from skins of dead animals. (4) Therefore, skins of animals

are very useful for man.

(7) Bones of dead animals are useful.

Ans. (1) Bones of dead animals are used for making fertilizers,

called bone meal. (2) Needles, combs and other decorative articles

are also made from bones. (3) The marrow inside the bone is used to

make glue or gelatin. (4) Some kinds of bone meal is also used as

animal feed. (5) Owing to the above reasons, bones of dead animals

are considered to be useful.

(8) Intestines of dead animals can be used.

Ans. (1) Cords made from the guts or intestines of the dead

animals are used for stitching cuts made during surgical

operations. (2) Cords are also used as strings in musical

instruments. (3) For these purposes, intestines of dead animals can

be used.

(9) Enough and clean drinking water is given to the

animals.

Ans. (1) Animals require clean, enough and uncontaminated

water for drinking. (2) If unclean and contaminated water is given

to them, they will become sick and unhealthy. (3) In order to avoid

this, animals are given enough and clean drinking water.

(10) Animals have to be vaccinated at the proper times.

Ans. (1) Animals are vaccinated to prevent diseases. Some

diseases like Ranikhet and bird flu cannot be cured, once they are

caused. (2) Therefore, preventive vaccines can be of great help for

protecting animals. (3) Similarly rabies caused to animals like dogs

cannot be cured. (4) Therefore, in order to prevent such diseases

vaccinations should be done at proper times.

(11) Complementary occupations are necessary along

with agriculture.

Ans. (1) Complementary occupations enhance the income of

the farmers. (2) Animals which are useful in many ways are also

reared by such complementary occupations. (3) Therefore,

complementary occupations are necessary along with agriculture.

(12) Farmers do not have to incur expenditure to feed

sheep.

Ans. (1) Sheep feed by themselves on shrubs that grow in the

wild. (2) They feed on the leaves of bor and babhul. (3) Stubble and

waste of jowar, groundnuts, horse gram, etc. are also food of sheep.

(4) Farmers, therefore, can easily keep the sheep without incurring

expenditure to feed them.

(13) Pearls are in great demand.

Ans. (1) Pearls are used for making ornaments and decorative

articles. (2) They are also used in embroidery. (3) Since ancient

times, pearl is treated as a jewel. (4) Pearls, therefore, have great

demand.

 (1) What is animal husbandry?

Ans. The science that deals with the scientific ways of rearing,

tending and breeding the animals is called animal husbandry.

(2) What is the double use of biogas technology?

Ans. The biogas technology helps to yield both fuel as well as

fertilizer.

(3) What is a bone meal ?

Ans. Fertilizers made from bones of dead animals is known as

bone meal.

(4) What are the different uses of fat obtained from

animals?

Ans. The fat obtained from animals is used as food, for making

soap, candles, grease and in garment industry.

(5) What are the basic needs of animals?

Ans. Food and shelter are the basic needs of animals.

(6) What is the main food of cow?

Ans. Grass, straw and horse gram is the main food of cow.

(7) What are the components of ambon?

Ans. Ambon is a fermented mixture of oilcake, grain meal and

jaggery.

 (8) What is the feed of milch animals ?

Ans. Grass, straw, ambon and oil cake of cotton seed are the

feed of milch animals.

(9) What is the supplementary feed given to pigs ?

Ans. Pigs are given rice husks, bone meal and left overs of our

food as a supplementary feed.

(10) What is the supplementary feed given to goats ?

Ans. Goats are given wheat husks, corn, linseed oil-cake as a

supplementary feed.

(11) How much dry feed does the animal need daily ?

Ans. Animals need dry feed equal to 2 to 2.5% of their own

body weight.

(12) Which diseases of poultry cannot be cured ?

Ans. Bird flu and Ranikhet disease of poultry cannot be cured.

(13) Which are the varieties of cows from Maharashtra?

Ans. Kandhari, Devani, Khilari and Dangi are the varieties of

cows from Maharashtra.

(14) Which animals are used for transport ?

Ans. Bullock, camel and horse are animals used for transport.

(15) Which components are more in the droppings of

sheep?

Ans. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potash are more in the

droppings of sheep.

(16) Which variety of hen is used for obtaining eggs ?

Ans. Foreign variety of White Leghorn is used for obtaining

eggs.

(17) What are table eggs ?

Ans. The eggs which are unfertilized and which are used for

eating are known as table eggs.

(18) Which varieties of hens are used for obtaining meat?

Ans. Broiler, White leghorn and Rhode Island Red are the

varieties of hens used for obtaining meat.

Q. 6 Name the following :

* (1) Incurable animal diseases :

Ans. (1) Bird flu or Ranikhet of Hens (2) Rabies of dogs and

other animals.

* (2) The animal that grows a pearl :

Ans. Oyster.

* (3) The main crop required for sericulture :

Ans. Mulberry or Ain.

(4) Bird which was used to carry messages in olden times :

Ans. Pigeon.

(5) Foreign breeds of cow :

Ans. Jersey, Holstein, Red Dean.

(6) Varieties of cows from Maharashtra :

Ans. Kandhari, Devani, Khilari and Dangi.

(7) Fresh water fishes :

Ans. Rohu, Catla, Mrigal, Carp.

(8) Marine or sea water fishes :

Ans. Boi, Muddushi, Renavi, Khasi.

(9) Diseases of poultry :

Ans. Bird flu, Ranikhet.

Q. 7 Find the odd man out and give reasons :

(1) Excreta, Biogas, Cow-dung pats, Eggs.

(2) Harness, Brush, Water skin, Purse.

(3) Comb, Gelatin, Bone meal, Gut.

(4) Soap, Candle, Belt, Grease.

(5) Bone meal, Wheat husk, Linseed oil-cake, Corn. Jersey.

(6) Kandhari, Holstein, Red Dean, Jersey.

(7) Jersey, Khillari, Kandhari, Dangi.

(8) Catla, Rohu, Mrigal, Renavi.

(9) Boi, Rohu, Muddushi, Khasi.

(10) Lac insect, Silk worm, Oyster, Mulberry.

Ans. (1) Eggs. Others can be used as fuels obtained from

animals. (2) Brush. Others are articles made from the dead

animal’s skin. (3) Gut. Others are articles made from bones.

(4) Belt. Others are articles made from the fat of the animals.

(5) Bone Meal. Others are supplementary feed of goat.

(6) Kandhari. Others are foreign breeds of cow. (7) Jersey. Others

are Indian breeds of cow. (8) Renavi. Others are fresh water fishes.

(9) Rohu. Others are marine fishes. (10) Mulberry. Others are

useful animals.

Q. 8 Considering the correlation between the words of

the first pair, match the third word with the most appropriate

answer :

(1) Bones : Bone meal : : Bone marrow : : ……… .

(2) Milch animals : Oilcake of cotton seed : : Horse : ……… .

(3) Oil-cake given to milch animals : Cotton seed : : Oilcake

given to goat : ……….

(4) Dog : Rabies : : Hen : ……… .

(5) Eggs : Layers : : Meat : ……… .

(6) Lac : Lac insect : : Pearl : ……… .

(7) Lac insect : Cacti : : Silkworm : ……… .

(8) Mrigal : Fresh water fish : : Renavi : ……… .

Ans. (1) Gelatin (2) Horse grams soaked in water (3) Linseed

(4) Bird flu or Ranikhet (5) Broilers (6) Oyster (7) Mulberry or ain

(8) Marine fish or Sea water fish.

Q. 9 State whether the following statements are True or

False. If a statement is False, correct it and rewrite :

(1) Man uses animals for several purposes other than food.

(2) The hairs from tail of cows are used for making paint

brushes.

(3) In olden times, peacocks were used to carry messages.

(4) Bullocks are also given ambon.

(5) Sheep are given grams soaked in water.

(6) Ticks are found around the nose of sheep.

(7) There is no cure for the animals who get rabies.

(8) Food and shelter are not basic needs of animals.

(9) Fermentation decreases the nutritive value of feed.

(10) Feed for broilers is available commercially.

(11) Asses and oxen can be used for doing heavy physical work.

(12) Cultured pearls are naturally found.

(13) Lac insect feeds on mulberry tree.

(14) Larvae of silkworm can be boiled in hot water to obtain silk

fibres.

(15) Lac is produced because of its commercial value.

Ans. (1) True. (2) False. The hairs from tail of pigs and

camels are used for making paint brushes. (3) False. In olden

times, pigeons were used to carry messages. (4) True. (5) False.

Horses are given grams soaked in water. (6) False. Ticks are found

around the anus of sheep. (7) True. (8) False. Food and shelter are

basic needs of animals. (9) False. Fermentation increases the

nutritive value of feed. (10) True. (11) True. (12) False. Cultured

pearls are made by man with the help of technology. (13) False.

Silkworm feeds on mulberry tree. (14) False. Cocoons of silkworm

can be boiled in hot water to obtain silk fibres. (15) True.

Q. 10 Fill in the blanks :

1. (1) The ……… technology has recently been developed to yield

both fuel as well as fertilizer.

(2) ……… is the fertilizer made from bones of dead animals.

(3) Cords made from gut or intestines of dead animals are used

to stitch cuts made during ……… .

(4) Animals are fed with………food in addition to their regular

food.

(5) ……… increases the nutritive value of food.

Ans. (1) Biogas (2) Bone meal (3) surgery (4) supplementary

(5) Fermentation.

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

2. (1) Milch animals are fed with oil-cake of ……….

(2) ……… meant for feeding the animals should be properly

built.

(3) ……… are not available for some animal diseases.

(4) Animals that are ill should be taken to ……… hospital for

proper treatment.

(5) The yield from ……… strain of animals is greater.

Ans. cotton seed (2) Troughs (3) Medicines (4) Veterinary

(5) crossbred.

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

3. (1) For thousands of years we have used ……… as fuel.

(2) Animals should be ……… regularly.

(3) The foreign variety of hen called………lays more eggs than

Indian variety of hen.

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(4) The table egg meant for eating is not ……… egg.

(5) Pearls obtained on a commercial scale by technology are

called ……… pearls.

Ans. (1) cattledung pats (2) dewormed (3) white Leghorn

(4) fertilized (5) cultured.

Q. 11 Choose the correct alternative and complete the

following statements :

(1) Primitive man used animals as ……… .

(a) food (b) manure (c) transport (d) medicines

(2) ……… of dead animals are used for making footwear and

garments.

(a) Bones (b) Intestines (c) Fat (d) Skins

(3) Combs and ornamental articles can be made from ……… of

dead animals.

(a) bones (b) intestines (c) fat (d) skins

(4) Milch animals are given ……… everyday.

(a) soup (b) ambon (c) bread (d) vegetables

(5) Drinking water should be kept ……… the shed.

(a) far from (b) close to (c) outside (d) above

(6) ……… occupations help to increase the income.

(a) Supplementary (b) Complementary

(c) Ancient (d) Traditional

(7) ……… are particularly prone to getting ticks and lice.

(a) Hens (b) Dogs (c) Sheep (d) Pigs

(8) There is no cure for dog if he gets ……… .

(a) diarrhoea (b) rabies (c) Ranikhet (d) typhoid

(9) An Indian cow yield ……… litres of milk every day.

(a) 1 to 2 (b) 5 to 6 (c) 10 to 12 (d) 25 to 30

(10) Animal husbandry has become complementary business to

……… .

(a) entertainment (b) farming (c) builders (d) jobs

(11) There is no possibility of obtaining ……… from the egg

which is not fertilized.

(a) protein (b) food (c) chick (d) fats

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(12) One Indian sheep gives ………kilograms of wool and ………

kilograms of meat.

(a) one and half, ten to twelve (b) half, four

(c) ten, one (d) four, eight

(13) Each hen lays ……… to ……… eggs in a year.

(a) 10, 20 (b) 50, 100 (c) 200, 250 (d) 1000, 2000

(14) Sericulture is a ……… business.

(a) terrible (b) profitable (c) difficult (d) temporary

(15) The ……… makes good quality of fish seed or spawn

available for the purpose of Pisciculture.

(a) Government (b) fisherman

(c) Grampanchayat (d) Municipality

Ans. (1) food (2) Skins (3) Bones (4) ambon (5) close to

(6) Complementary (7) Sheep (8) rabies (9) 5 to 6 (10) farming

(11) chick (12) one and half, ten to twelve (13) 200, 250

(14) profitable (15) Government.

Q. 12 Match the columns :

[1] ‘A’ (Animal) ‘B’ (Food)

(1) Cow and buffalo

(2) Goat

(3) Horse

(4) Pig

(a) Gram

(b) Bone meal

(c) Wheat husk

(d) Oilcake of cotton seed

(e) Oat meal

Ans. (1) Cow and buffalo – Oilcake of cotton seed

(2) Goat – Wheat husk (3) Horse –Gram (4) Pig – Bone meal.

[2] ‘A’ ‘B’

(1) Harness

(2) Gelatin

(3) Grease

(4) String instruments

(a) Intestines

(b) Fat

(c) Bones

(d) Skin

(e) Hair

Ans. (1) Harness – Skin (2) Gelatin – Bones (3) Grease – Fat

(4) String instruments – Intestines.

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[3] ‘A’ ‘B’

(1) Oyster

(2) Cow

(3) Sheep

(4) Camel

(a) Hair

(b) Pearl

(c) Fuel

(d) Wool

(e) Diamond

Ans. (1) Oyster – Pearl (2) Cow– Fuel (3) Sheep – Wool

(4) Camel– Hair.

[4] ‘A’ ‘B’

(1) White Leghorn layers

(2) Jersey

(3) Devani

(4) Rhode Island Red

(a) 10 to 12 litres of milk

(b) 5 to 6 litres of milk

(c) 1300 to 1500 grams

(d) 200 to 250 eggs

(e) 1 to 2 litres of milk

Ans. (1) White Leghorn layers – 200 to 250 eggs (2) Jersey –

10 to 12 litres of milk (3) Devani – 5 to 6 litres of milk (4) Rhode

Island Red – 1300 to 1500 grams.

Wishing you all the best for your final exams.....